Caldwell 4 - The Iris Nebula

About 1,400 light-years away In the constellation Cephus, near(ish) our North-Star Polaris, you will find Caldwell 4 (NGC 7023), also known as the Iris Nebula. The Iris Nebula is a reflection nebula, which glows because they are made up of extremely tiny particles of solid matter that diffuse the light around them, giving the nebula a second-hand glow that’s typically blue in color.

October 19, 2025

I revisited the Iris with a new setup! If you’ve been following along recently, I have been struggling to shield my C9.25 from wind. I decided a good interim solution would be to use a scope with a smaller form factor, such as a mid-length refractor. I finally found an Astro-Tech AT115EDT on Astromart that seemed to fit what I needed. I must say, I had forgotten how simple things can be! I just take it outside, let it come to temperature for about 30 minutes, and I’m ready to go! There’s not much else to do than PA, focus, pick a target, and get the plan running. I’ve been getting stellar guiding numbers using my OAG (usually about .3”-.4” total RMS), even in the typical gentle breeze up to about 5-7mph. FWHM is generally between 2-3, and even below 2 on some subs. I did toss out a few because I’m still tweaking the EAF settings… I think the Coarse and Fine adjustments still need some tweaks. Overall, I’m pleased - I can finally get back to imaging and not waste a clear night, rather than waiting for it to be absolutely perfect. This also gives me more time and less pressure to think of a windbreak solution for the C9.25 as well.

For this result, I ended up with 190 frames, and had to toss about 50 of 240 frames due to some thin clouds overnight. Processing on this was tough as well. Dark nebula are always a challenge, and this one is out over Denver’s light dome, which makes it more challenging. I made use of masks pretty extensively, and did my best to manage the LP gradient since I was just using a UV/IR filter. I could probably stand to add more data, and cull more frames to bring it out more, but I’m ready to try another target, now that I’m more familiar with the new scope.

Technical Details

Imaging Telescope: Astro-Tech AT115EDT

Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro

Mount: Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Filter: Astronomik L-3 Luminance UV/IR Block 2"

Accessories: Antlia OAG and Filter Drawer Assembly, Astro-Tech AT115EDT .8X Reducer, ZWO ASIAIR Plus, ZWO EAF

Software: StarNet, PixInsight, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXTerminator, SetiAstro Star Stretch, SetiAstro Statistical Stretch, Siril, ZWO ASIAIR

Guiding Camera: ZWO ASI174MM

Imaging Dates: October 17-18, 2025

Frames (gain 101.0) f/4.9 -10c: 190x180” (9h30m)

Integration Time: 9h30m

Darks/Flats/Dark Flats: 30/30/30

Bortle Dark-Sky Scale: 7.00

July 8, 2024

Tried a new method of processing involving lots of masking to try to increase the dark nebula signal and bring it forward from the background.

Technical Details

Imaging Telescope: William Optics RedCat 51 II

Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro

Mount: Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Filter: Antlia Tri-band RGB Ultra Filter - 2” Mounted

Accessories: ZWO ASIAIR Plus, ZWO EAF, ZWO Filter Drawer (Gen 2)

Software: Siril, Starnet, Photoshop, NoiseXterminator

Guiding Telescope: William Optics UniGuide 32

Guiding Camera: ZWO ASI174MM

Imaging Dates: June 22, 2024

Frames (gain 101.0) f/4.9 -10c: 90x180” (4h30m)

Integration Time: 4h30m

Darks/Flats/Dark Flats: 30/25/30

Bortle Dark-Sky Scale: 7.00

June 23, 2024

As a reflection nebula, the Iris Nebula is a very interesting object, due to its interesting blue glow. Perhaps even more interesting is the considerable amount of dust and gas in the “dark nebulae” of the region of Cephus. I’ve found this dust and gas is fairly difficult to bring out in images using my one-shot color camera, and have seen some great results in images captured by mono cameras. That said, I’m sure if I increase my total integration time 3-4x, I’m sure I will capture lots more detail in that dust and gas and likely have better success. This object is particularly challenging for me, as it is in the North sky, toward my greatest source of light pollution, so capturing faint dust and gas through all of that is an even taller task without narrower band-pass filters!

Technical Details

Imaging Telescope: William Optics RedCat 51 II

Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro

Mount: Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Filter: Antlia Tri-band RGB Ultra Filter - 2” Mounted

Accessories: ZWO ASIAIR Plus, ZWO EAF, ZWO Filter Drawer (Gen 2)

Software: Siril, Starnet, Photoshop, NoiseXterminator

Guiding Telescope: William Optics UniGuide 32

Guiding Camera: ZWO ASI174MM

Imaging Dates: June 22, 2024

Frames (gain 101.0) f/4.9 -10c: 90x180” (4h30m)

Integration Time: 4h30m

Darks/Flats/Dark Flats: 30/25/30

Bortle Dark-Sky Scale: 7.00

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NGC6992 - The Eastern Veil Nebula